1. You might actually be out of space. Go ahead and check the output of
df -h
The -h part makes the displayed values “human readable” – converts them to K, M, G, T prefixes. Are any volumes running at 100% use?
2. Docker might not have permission to write to /var/lib/docker
ls -l /var/lib/docker
The -l argument will output detailed “list” for each item in that path, which contains users, groups and permissions for each entry.
3. Docker desktop sets a virtual limit to used space.
You can configure the limit in Settings (gear icon) -> Resources -> Advanced.
4. Apparmor prevents docker from executing anything
dmesg | grep docker
Apparmor logs to dmesg and will likely output something about blocking docker if your profiles prevent it from using namespaces or accessing files.